Gambaran kecemasan pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pahandut Kota Palangka Raya

Dian Anggraeni, Helen (2024) Gambaran kecemasan pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pahandut Kota Palangka Raya. Laporan Tugas Akhir, PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA III KEBIDANAN, POLTEKKES KEMENKES PALANGKA RAYA.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang : Kecemasan selama kehamilan terjadi dari trimester pertama hingga menjelang persalinan. Kecemasan pada trimester ketiga hampir dua kali lipat dibandingkan trimester pertama dan dapat mengakibatkan persalinan lama, nyeri, dan ketegangan. Perubahan fisiologis dan psikologis pada kehamilan, terutama peningkatan hormon estrogen dan progesteron, memicu mood swing. WHO mencatat 12 juta ibu hamil mengalami masalah trimester ketiga pada 2019 dengan 30% mengalami kecemasan saat melahirkan. Di Indonesia, 28,7% ibu hamil mengalami kecemasan sedang menjelang persalinan, dan kecemasan berat mencapai 57,5%. Kecemasan berpengaruh pada kenyamanan ibu dan janin, meningkatkan risiko komplikasi, dan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Faktor risiko kecemasan meliputi pendidikan, umur, pekerjaan, status kesehatan, hubungan dengan pasangan, dan dukungan keluarga. Kecemasan saat hamil juga dapat menyebabkan postpartum blues dan berdampak buruk pada kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran kecemasan pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pahandut kota Palangka Raya berdasarkan usia, usia kehamilan, paritas, pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, dukungan keluarga dan pengetahuan. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang melakukan pemeriksaan ANC di Puskesmas Pahandut. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling dari ibu hamil yang melakukan pemeriksaan ANC, dengan ukuran sampel sebesar 106 responden. Kesimpulan : Mayoritas ibu hamil mengalami kecemasan sebanyak 100 responden (94,3%). Berdasarkan usia, mayoritas usia 20-35 tahun sebanyak 73 responden (92,4%). Berdasarkan usia kehamilan, mayoritas trimester II sebanyak 44 responden (95,7%). Berdasarkan paritas, mayoritas multigravida sebanyak 64 responden (97,0%). Berdasarkan pendidikan, mayoritas dengan pendidikan SMA sebanyak 69 responden (94.5%). Berdasarkan pekerjaan, mayoritas tidak bekerja sebanyak 69 responden (97,2%). Berdasarkan status ekonomi, mayoritas berpenghasilan < UMR 3.310.000 sebanyak 76 responden (95,0%). Berdasarkan dukungan keluarga, mayoritas mendapat dukungan sebanyak 98 responden (94,2%). Berdasarkan pengetahuan, mayoritas memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 90 responden (93.28%). Saran : Diharapkan bagi instansi kesehatan, tenaga kesehatan dan ibu hamil perlu mengupayakan pencegahan terjadinya kecemasan dan dampak negatif pada ibu hamil dan janinnya.

Background : Anxiety during pregnancy occurs from the first trimester until just before delivery. Anxiety in the third trimester is almost double that of the first trimester and can result in prolonged labor, pain, and tension. Physiological and psychological changes in pregnancy, especially increases in the hormones estrogen and progesterone, trigger mood swings. WHO noted that 12 million pregnant women experienced third trimester problems in 2019 with 30% experiencing anxiety during childbirth. In Indonesia, 28.7% of pregnant women experience moderate anxiety before giving birth, and severe anxiety reaches 57.5%. Anxiety affects the comfort of the mother and fetus, increases the risk of complications and maternal and infant mortality. Risk factors for anxiety include education, age, employment, health status, relationship with partner, and family support. Anxiety during pregnancy can also cause postpartum blues and have a negative impact on the health of the mother and baby. Objective : To determine the description of anxiety in pregnant women at the Pahandut Community Health Center, Palangka Raya city based on age, gestational age, parity, education, employment, economic status, family support and knowledge. Method : This research uses quantitative methods with descriptive design. The research population was all pregnant women who underwent ANC examinations at the Pahandut Community Health Center. The sample was taken by purposive sampling from pregnant women who underwent ANC examinations, with a sample size of 106 respondents. Conclusion : The majority of pregnant women experience anxiety as many as 100 respondents (94.3%). Based on age, the majority were 20-35 years old, 73 respondents (92.4%). Based on gestational age, the majority in the second trimester were 44 respondents (95.7%). Based on parity, the majority were multigravida, 64 respondents (97.0%). Based on education, the majority had a high school education, 69 respondents (94.5%). Based on work, the majority did not work as many as 69 respondents (97.2%). Based on economic status, the majority earned <UMR 3,310,000 as many as 76 respondents (95.0%). Based on family support, the majority received support, 98 respondents (94.2%). Based on knowledge, the majority had good knowledge as many as 90 respondents (93.28%). Suggestion : It is hoped that health agencies, health workers and pregnant women need to make efforts to prevent anxiety and negative impacts on pregnant women and their fetuses.

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